Question: Factor completely over the integers. $x^4 - 2x^2 - 15$
1. **State the problem:** Factor the polynomial $$x^4 - 2x^2 - 15$$ completely over the integers.
2. **Identify the structure:** Notice that the polynomial is in terms of $x^4$, $x^2$, and a constant. We can treat it as a quadratic in $x^2$ by letting $y = x^2$.
3. **Rewrite the polynomial:**
$$x^4 - 2x^2 - 15 = y^2 - 2y - 15$$
4. **Factor the quadratic in $y$:**
We look for two numbers that multiply to $-15$ and add to $-2$. These numbers are $-5$ and $3$.
5. **Factorization:**
$$y^2 - 2y - 15 = (y - 5)(y + 3)$$
6. **Substitute back $y = x^2$:**
$$(x^2 - 5)(x^2 + 3)$$
7. **Check for further factorization:**
- $x^2 - 5$ can be factored over the integers only if $5$ is a perfect square, which it is not.
- $x^2 + 3$ cannot be factored over the integers because it has no real roots.
8. **Final factorization:**
$$\boxed{(x^2 - 5)(x^2 + 3)}$$