Question: Question 11
[Maximum mark: 6]
In the expansion of $px^2(5 + px)^8$, the coefficient of the term in $x^6$ is $3402$. Find the value of $p$.
1. **State the problem:**
We need to find the value of $p$ such that in the expansion of $$px^2(5 + px)^8$$ the coefficient of the term containing $x^6$ is $3402$.
2. **Understand the expression:**
The expression is $$px^2(5 + px)^8$$.
3. **Identify the term containing $x^6$:**
The factor $px^2$ contributes $x^2$. So, from $(5 + px)^8$, we need the term containing $x^{6-2} = x^4$.
4. **General term in binomial expansion:**
The general term in $(a + b)^n$ is $$\binom{n}{k} a^{n-k} b^k$$.
Here, $a = 5$, $b = px$, $n = 8$.
The term containing $x^4$ in $(5 + px)^8$ is when $k=4$:
$$T_{k+1} = \binom{8}{4} 5^{8-4} (px)^4 = \binom{8}{4} 5^4 p^4 x^4$$
5. **Multiply by $px^2$:**
Multiplying by $px^2$ gives:
$$p x^2 \times \binom{8}{4} 5^4 p^4 x^4 = \binom{8}{4} 5^4 p^{5} x^{6}$$
6. **Coefficient of $x^6$ term:**
The coefficient is:
$$\binom{8}{4} 5^4 p^{5}$$
Given this coefficient equals $3402$:
$$\binom{8}{4} 5^4 p^{5} = 3402$$
7. **Calculate binomial coefficient and powers:**
$$\binom{8}{4} = \frac{8!}{4!4!} = 70$$
$$5^4 = 625$$
So:
$$70 \times 625 \times p^{5} = 3402$$
8. **Simplify:**
$$43750 p^{5} = 3402$$
9. **Solve for $p^{5}$:**
$$p^{5} = \frac{3402}{43750} = 0.07774$$
10. **Find $p$:**
$$p = \sqrt[5]{0.07774}$$
Using approximation:
$$p \approx 0.57$$
**Final answer:**
$$\boxed{p \approx 0.57}$$