Question: Given that
$$8^x + 27^x = \frac{13}{36}$$
and
$$8^x - 27^x = \frac{5}{36},$$
what is the value of $x$?
1. **State the problem:** We are given two equations involving powers of 8 and 27 with the same exponent $x$:
$$8^x + 27^x = \frac{13}{36}$$
$$8^x - 27^x = \frac{5}{36}$$
We need to find the value of $x$.
2. **Use substitution:** Let
$$a = 8^x$$
$$b = 27^x$$
Then the system becomes:
$$a + b = \frac{13}{36}$$
$$a - b = \frac{5}{36}$$
3. **Solve for $a$ and $b$:** Add the two equations:
$$a + b + a - b = \frac{13}{36} + \frac{5}{36}$$
$$2a = \frac{18}{36} = \frac{1}{2}$$
$$a = \frac{1}{4}$$
Subtract the second from the first:
$$a + b - (a - b) = \frac{13}{36} - \frac{5}{36}$$
$$2b = \frac{8}{36} = \frac{2}{9}$$
$$b = \frac{1}{9}$$
4. **Recall definitions:**
$$a = 8^x = \frac{1}{4}$$
$$b = 27^x = \frac{1}{9}$$
5. **Rewrite bases as powers:**
$$8 = 2^3 \implies 8^x = (2^3)^x = 2^{3x}$$
$$27 = 3^3 \implies 27^x = (3^3)^x = 3^{3x}$$
So:
$$2^{3x} = \frac{1}{4} = 2^{-2}$$
$$3^{3x} = \frac{1}{9} = 3^{-2}$$
6. **Equate exponents:**
From the first:
$$3x = -2 \implies x = -\frac{2}{3}$$
From the second:
$$3x = -2 \implies x = -\frac{2}{3}$$
7. **Conclusion:** Both equations give the same value
$$\boxed{x = -\frac{2}{3}}$$
which corresponds to option E.