Question: Assume that Bill's marginal tax rate is $32$ percent. If corporate bonds pay $8$ percent interest, what interest rate would a municipal bond have to offer for Bill to be indifferent between the two bonds?
1. **State the problem:**
Bill wants to be indifferent between a corporate bond and a municipal bond. The corporate bond pays $8\%$ interest, and Bill's marginal tax rate is $32\%$. We need to find the interest rate of the municipal bond that makes Bill indifferent.
2. **Formula used:**
The after-tax return on the corporate bond is given by:
$$\text{After-tax return} = \text{Corporate bond interest rate} \times (1 - \text{Tax rate})$$
Bill will be indifferent if the municipal bond interest rate equals the after-tax return of the corporate bond because municipal bond interest is typically tax-exempt.
3. **Calculate the after-tax return on the corporate bond:**
$$8\% \times (1 - 0.32) = 8\% \times 0.68 = 5.44\%$$
4. **Interpretation:**
Bill would be indifferent if the municipal bond pays $5.44\%$ interest.
5. **Check the options:**
- $32.00\%$ - too high
- $10.40\%$ - too high
- $8.00\%$ - equal to corporate bond before tax
- $7.00\%$ - higher than after-tax return
- None of the choices are correct
Since $5.44\%$ is not listed, the correct answer is **None of the choices are correct**.