Question: Work out the size of the angle $BEC$ in the cuboid below.
Give your answer to 2 d.p.
$23$ cm
$15$ cm
$6$ cm
Not drawn accurately
Graph/shape: cuboid diagram with vertices $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$ on the top face and $E$, $F$, $G$, $H$ on the bottom face; position_hint: center
1. **Problem Statement:** We need to find the size of the angle $BEC$ in the cuboid.
2. **Understanding the cuboid and points:** The cuboid has vertices $A$, $B$, $C$, $D$ on the top face and $E$, $F$, $G$, $H$ on the bottom face.
3. **Given dimensions:**
- Length $AB = 23$ cm
- Width $BC = 15$ cm
- Height $AE = 6$ cm
4. **Identify points $B$, $E$, and $C$ in 3D coordinates:**
- Let $E$ be at the origin $(0,0,0)$.
- Since $AE = 6$ cm is height, $A$ is at $(0,0,6)$.
- $B$ is along length from $A$, so $B$ is at $(23,0,6)$.
- $C$ is along width from $B$, so $C$ is at $(23,15,6)$.
5. **Vectors for angle $BEC$:**
- Vector $EB = B - E = (23,0,6) - (0,0,0) = (23,0,6)$
- Vector $EC = C - E = (23,15,6) - (0,0,0) = (23,15,6)$
6. **Formula for angle between two vectors:**
$$\cos(\theta) = \frac{\vec{EB} \cdot \vec{EC}}{|\vec{EB}| |\vec{EC}|}$$
7. **Calculate dot product:**
$$\vec{EB} \cdot \vec{EC} = 23 \times 23 + 0 \times 15 + 6 \times 6 = 529 + 0 + 36 = 565$$
8. **Calculate magnitudes:**
$$|\vec{EB}| = \sqrt{23^2 + 0^2 + 6^2} = \sqrt{529 + 0 + 36} = \sqrt{565}$$
$$|\vec{EC}| = \sqrt{23^2 + 15^2 + 6^2} = \sqrt{529 + 225 + 36} = \sqrt{790}$$
9. **Calculate cosine of angle:**
$$\cos(\theta) = \frac{565}{\sqrt{565} \times \sqrt{790}} = \frac{565}{\sqrt{565 \times 790}}$$
10. **Simplify denominator:**
$$\sqrt{565 \times 790} = \sqrt{446350} \approx 668.22$$
11. **Calculate cosine:**
$$\cos(\theta) = \frac{565}{668.22} \approx 0.8457$$
12. **Calculate angle:**
$$\theta = \cos^{-1}(0.8457) \approx 32.18^\circ$$
13. **Final answer:** The size of angle $BEC$ is approximately $32.18^\circ$ to 2 decimal places.